WASHINGTON — To explore the complex interactions between the natural world and society and enhance our understanding of Earth’s systems — the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, ...

In a white paper published by a multidisciplinary team of top scientists in China, Earth system is defined to encompass both internal and external geospheres from solid Earth system through surface ...

Purpose The National Academies will convene a workshop to consider how an Earth systems science approach, as discussed in the 2022 National Academies’ report Next Generation Earth Systems Science at ...